کارآفرینی بین‌المللی در پرتو پژوهش کیفی: شناسایی عوامل تأثیرگذار، پیامدها و مؤلفه‌های کارآفرینی بین‌المللی

نویسندگان

    شهره جلوخانی گروه مدیریت، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران.
    محمدجواد تقی پوریان * گروه مدیریت، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران. mj.taghipourian@iau.ac.ir
    الهام فاضلی ویسری گروه مدیریت و حسابداری، واحد تنکابن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تنکابن، ایران.
    مریم رحمتی گروه مدیریت، واحد چالوس دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران .

کلمات کلیدی:

کارآفرینی, کارآفرینی بین المللی, قابلیت کارآفرینی, فراترکیب

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و تلفیق نظام‌مند عوامل پیشران و بازدارنده، پیامدها و مؤلفه‌های بنیادین کارآفرینی بین‌المللی و ارائه یک الگوی مفهومی یکپارچه انجام شد. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و روش فراترکیب هفت‌مرحله‌ای ساندلوسکی و باروسو انجام شد. جامعه پژوهش شامل مطالعات فارسی و انگلیسی مرتبط با کارآفرینی بین‌المللی بود که در فاصله سال‌های 2010 تا 2025 میلادی و 1390 تا 1405 شمسی منتشر شده بودند. پس از جست‌وجوی نظام‌مند پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی داخلی و خارجی و اعمال معیارهای ورود و خروج، از میان 148 منبع اولیه، 76 مقاله علمی معتبر برای تحلیل نهایی انتخاب شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از کدگذاری باز و محوری تحلیل و مفاهیم مشابه در طبقات مفهومی بالاتر ادغام شدند. برای بررسی پایایی فرایند استخراج و طبقه‌بندی داده‌ها، توافق میان پژوهشگر و یک متخصص کارآفرینی محاسبه و اعتبار یافته‌ها با ضریب کاپا تأیید شد. نتایج فراترکیب نشان داد 123 عامل بر کارآفرینی بین‌المللی تأثیر می‌گذارند که از این میان، 80 عامل به‌عنوان پیشران و 43 عامل به‌عنوان بازدارنده شناسایی شدند. همچنین، 23 پیامد در سه سطح رقابت‌افزا، توانمندساز و کلان‌ساز طبقه‌بندی شد. تحلیل مؤلفه‌های کارآفرینی بین‌المللی نیز به استخراج 48 مؤلفه در چهار بعد ذهنیت فراسرزمینی، قابلیت پیوندی فراسرزمینی، ملزومات فراسرزمینی و جهت‌گیری‌های فراسرزمینی منجر شد. نتایج ضریب کاپا، توافق عالی میان ارزیابان را در طبقه‌بندی عوامل، پیامدها و مؤلفه‌ها نشان داد. کارآفرینی بین‌المللی پدیده‌ای چندسطحی، پویا و تعاملی است که توسعه آن مستلزم تقویت هم‌زمان ظرفیت‌های فردی، سازمانی، شبکه‌ای، فناورانه و نهادی، همراه با کاهش موانع ساختاری، مالی، فرهنگی و سیاسی است. الگوی حاصل می‌تواند مبنایی برای ارزیابی آمادگی بین‌المللی بنگاه‌ها و طراحی سیاست‌های حمایت از شرکت‌های صادرات‌محور و دانش‌بنیان باشد.

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جلوخانی ش. .، تقی پوریان م.، فاضلی ویسری ا.، و رحمتی م. . (1405). کارآفرینی بین‌المللی در پرتو پژوهش کیفی: شناسایی عوامل تأثیرگذار، پیامدها و مؤلفه‌های کارآفرینی بین‌المللی. مدیریت، آموزش و توسعه در عصر دیجیتال، 3(1)، 1-31. https://www.jmedda.com/jmedda/article/view/491

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