ارائه مدل ساختاری روابط سطح شناخت حقوقی با تصمیم‌گیری اثربخش و مدیریت خطر

عباس نظريان مادواني; علی  مرتضی الفوزی; معصومه  شهبازي

Authors

Abbas Nazarian Madavani Associate Professor, Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1219-5389
Ali Morteza Al-Fawzi MA student, Sports Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6547-9990
Masoumeh Shahbazi Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Management Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-2801

Keywords:

Legal Knowledge, Effective Decision-Making, Risk Management, Physical Education Teachers, Structural Equation Modeling, School Safety

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and test a structural model of the relationships among legal knowledge, effective decision-making, and risk management among physical education teachers in Baghdad, with emphasis on the mediating role of effective decision-making. This applied quantitative study employed a correlational design based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of physical education teachers working in schools in Baghdad, from whom 360 participants were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a 21-item questionnaire measuring three constructs: legal knowledge, effective decision-making, and risk management. Instrument reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability, convergent validity was examined through average variance extracted, and discriminant validity was evaluated using the Fornell-Larcker criterion. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlations, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. The structural model demonstrated excellent fit, with χ²/df = 1.512, CFI = 0.980, TLI = 0.978, RMSEA = 0.038, and SRMR = 0.033. Legal knowledge had a significant positive effect on effective decision-making (β = 0.672, p < 0.001). Legal knowledge also significantly predicted risk management directly (β = 0.359, p < 0.001), while effective decision-making had a significant positive effect on risk management (β = 0.461, p < 0.001). The indirect effect of legal knowledge on risk management through effective decision-making was significant (β = 0.310, p < 0.001), and the total effect was 0.670. Legal knowledge explained 45.2% of the variance in effective decision-making, while legal knowledge and effective decision-making jointly explained 56.4% of the variance in risk management. Legal knowledge is an important predictor of both effective decision-making and risk management among physical education teachers, and effective decision-making significantly mediates the relationship between legal knowledge and risk management. Strengthening applied legal education and decision-making skills may therefore improve professional accountability, school safety, and risk prevention in physical education settings.

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